Category archive for: Food + Design
Back homeButterflies in my stomach
The date and milk-based cocktail 'representing' the Afrikaanderwijk is not pictured here because although scrumptious, it was not photogenic. That's always a problem with dates. Kruiskade Blossom Cocktail - chrystanthemum tea drinks in tetrapak - organic chysanthemum flowers - sour cher... Read more
Posted on May 8, 2008 6:10
Imagining Kate
Image from Quirine Racké and Helena Musken's film, Come Back Kate, used entirely with permission The Kate Bush Party at Mediamatic this Friday evening promises give-us-a-twirl dress-up, lighters-in-the-air sing-a-long and a generous format screening of Quirine Racké and Helena Musken's poigna... Read more
Posted on April 9, 2008 23:36
In situ
Seitan innovation
Dutch Seitan Designers at workshop Last Sunday was the final day of Platform 21's Cooking and Constructing exhibition, and amidst the fiery debate and seitan design workshop, no one expected that any true innovation would take place. But due to the emphasis on show and do, I had to rush through... Read more
Posted on April 3, 2008 20:53
Glutinous Maximus II,
Seitanic Lab Meat recipe
Loaves of Seitan during steaming process Like the soybean, like bread, like fish, like wine, like salt, seitan is part of the utopian food group, foods laden with morality, infused with ritual, oozing with culture, drowning in history. Seitan is desperately in need of appropriation from its ass... Read more
Posted on March 28, 2008 17:59
Haute cuisine
bitterbal snack innovation
From golden-brown to white, spinach-gorgonzola, mango-mirin and thai coconut bitterballs From the original creator of Amsterdam's Supperclub (the real one, not the other one), Chef Thor is now ready to debut his latest collection of bitterballs. The bitterbal is a 'traditional' Dutch drinking s... Read more
Posted on March 23, 2008 12:50
A weekend from sugar rushes
Sugar graffiti from Shane Waltener's Cooking and Constructing workshop last Sunday at Amsterdam's Platform21. Growing up, my family referred to sugar as White Death. Consequently I don't have much of a sweet tooth and I really prefer pickles or anything fermented to sweets. But in a period of m... Read more
Posted on February 20, 2008 16:37
Cooking and constructing,
food as a real design platform
Vegetable ink production and 'pantonization' by Daniera ter Haar and Christoph Brach Platform 21's Cooking and Constructing is food as a real design platform, in a real design platform. There is reason to applaud this very real design laboratory which will be open for the coming 8 weeks. The wo... Read more
Posted on February 12, 2008 23:24
Subjective Atlas of Palestine
and also of food
Just another beautiful picture of Palestine by Majdi Hadid, used entirely without permission Say 'Palestine' and the first thing that pops into your head probably isn't an image of undulating hills speckled with date palm oases and creased with a babbling brook, or an image of lush olive orchar... Read more
Posted on January 13, 2008 20:37
I wanna French my USB wine
Heq yeah, USB wine is real. Read more
Posted on December 6, 2007 2:38
How stuff is made, even the food kind of stuff
Techno artist and design engineer Natalie Jeremijenko, in Amsterdam last Friday presenting at the STIFO/Sandberg workshop showed us a wiki site where her NYU students were sharing information about how common products are made. Among the foodstuffs, shrimp, fortune cookies and eau de vie. For e... Read more
Posted on November 5, 2007 1:52
A cellar for your salts
Three in a set in shades of greys, For different salts strewn different ways, And well aware of shadow play. Earlier this month at the Design Academy Eindhoven Graduation Show, Liora Rosin showed-off stunning and tactilicious salt cellars in porcelain. No wonder she graduated cum laude. Read more
Posted on November 1, 2007 0:44
Kouba Libre
Supermarket Babylon
Homemade ice kouba in a sponsored freezer In the grain section there are more than 20 sorts of rice and then there's a formidable bulgur department. How often does one get to write that, formidable bulgur department, but there is one. Never mind the lack of competition, Babylon is hands down th... Read more
Posted on October 26, 2007 0:59
Water, pure thyself
Trickle-down theory, solar disinfection water purifier by Herman Lijmbach, image used with permission Gawd knows I'm a sucker for water purification, so even though there was a goodly handful of other wonderful work and pretty thingy-thingies at the Design Academy Eindhoven's graduation show la... Read more
Posted on October 23, 2007 16:55
Carbohydrates and conviviality
Pasta shapes developed by Valentina de Lorenzis What is it about carboydrate-rich food that just screams conviviality? Valentina de Lorenzis, a recent graduate of the Man and Humanity Masters at the Design Academy Eindhoven, chose pasta to investigate this very subject. The result was an array ... Read more
Posted on September 10, 2007 12:39
Robo Cocktail
Erik Hobijn poses with the Mothuh of all mojito makers At last weekend's party for the youth of today, artist Erik Hobijn demonstrated the explosive power of his handheld cocktail launcher and created some unexpectedly delicious chunky style mojitos. Officially speaking, this cockbot is more of... Read more
Posted on September 3, 2007 21:31
The arabised ‘H’ of EL HEMA
Joann digs EL HEMA packaging, image of the chocolate letter 'H' by Mediamatic used entirely with permission EL HEMA, an Arabised version of the Dutch five and dime, will be selling chocolate letters for the disputably secular Dutch winter holiday Sinter Klaas. The Arabic letters are in one of t... Read more
Posted on August 25, 2007 10:49
Dude, lay off my
ubiquitous Dutch weener
Dutch postage stamps with images of quintessentially Dutch design items incl. HEMA tea kettle Lapin. Producers of the objêts du design Ne'erlandais paid big dosh to have their stuff immortalised. In Dutch media circles this time of year is called 'Cucumber Time'. Supposedly all of our real jou... Read more
Posted on July 27, 2007 14:33
Made in Transit,
growing food
in a waste of time
Mushrooms of the future are grown in situ in transit When it comes to the food supply, there's a lot of waste to go around. Agata Jaworska, a recent masters graduate from the Design Academy Eindhoven, has designed a way to use the time and space associated with transportation to grow fresh prod... Read more
Posted on July 10, 2007 16:43
Controversial snacks and mild-mannered symposium
Wandering Banquet's wheat meat pièce montée was not just another secret ingredient. You hear me talkin'? Dutch fire marshalls the world over will be unhappy to read that last Friday's Food, Art and Science symposium at the Centraal Museum in Utrecht was filled way beyond capacity. Lab meat is... Read more
Posted on July 7, 2007 12:58
Superused food,
2012 Architects host
a freegan dinner
Freegan designers trapped in a 2012 iPod commercial Normally when architects invite you to dinner they don't advertise that they're planning on serving you trash. Completely unbound by convention, 2012 Architects held a freegan dinner last night and were rather loose-lipped about the fact that ... Read more
Posted on July 4, 2007 14:20
Lab meating Friday
food, art & science
snacks & symposium
Listen up, why am I pink? Tissue Culture and Art's Extra Ear 1/4 Scale, used entirely without permission As part of the exhibition Genesis, The Art & Genomics Centre at the University of Leiden, in sweet collaboration with the Centraal Museum in Utrecht have organised a symposium on the subject... Read more
Posted on June 28, 2007 12:03
Exhibition the Edible City
at the NAi-M closes
The Edible City exhibition at the NAi-M (the Netherlands Architecture Institute) has finally come to a close. Showing more than 40 architectural, design and urban planning projects, the exhibition was about food systems and the urban environment. There was a time when city-dwellers could more or... Read more
Posted on June 27, 2007 15:09
Butternut Update
week 24
What, you don't like my hand job? Some might call it karmic justice, but I think that I have homosexual butternut squash growing in my living room. Not that there's anything wrong with that and maybe we can chalk it up to to the fact that I can't tell the difference between the male and female ... Read more
Posted on June 18, 2007 13:04
Nasturtium shots
A toast, "To a nasturtium leaf holding a pearl of vodka" What a pretty shot. The nasturtium leaf tastes like horseradish and is a perfect pallet cleanser after the wodka di buffalo. And because it's just a drop, you can keep on drinkin'. Read more
Posted on June 14, 2007 8:58
Wonderfood in Arnhem
Rosemary and violet candy by Katja Gruijters, photo by Annemarieke vd Broek used entirely with permission Last Saturday I was invited to experience the opening dinner of Dudok in Wonderfood. Café Dudok is a very forward thinking brasserie that during the Arnhem Fashion Biennial participates in... Read more
Posted on June 8, 2007 19:02
Life ain’t no picnic
The annual Queen's Day cleaning uncovered this old art skool photograph. It's 1993 and the lady-colleagues and I are in a picnic performance sporting a red and white checked gingham ground cloth with built-in shorts. Read more
Posted on April 30, 2007 13:07
Bloom where you are planted
Planting edible flowers amongst sunflower seedlings House plants are so passé. And I've really had it with demure windowsill herb gardens. They're visually predictable and don't yield significant crop for my leafy green rich diet. Because I'm involved with projects that involve me recommending... Read more
Posted on April 23, 2007 15:07
Doors 9 JUICE reports:
Delhi’s Sabzi Mandi
That's vegetable market to me and you. At the crack of dawn, dodging raindrops the size of wild peaches, a small delegation from the Doors9:JUICE urban agriculture workshop heads out for a reconnoitre of Delhi's Sabzi Mandi, the wholesale vegetable market off Mehrauli-Gurgaon Rd. Through a haz... Read more
Posted on March 15, 2007 12:15
Psycho-gastronomy
and the
‘Honey, I’m home from Delhi’
breakfast
The kimchi chapati breakfast What could be a more obvious combination than the ubiquitous flatbread of India flavoured with a dash of pro-biotic pickle juice from the Heimatt? Rolling out a kimchi chapati breakfast seems just the ticket to remind me that I'm home from Delhi. It's been a whirlwi... Read more
Posted on March 9, 2007 10:49
Chai styling
This is how chai wa served to the Doors 9 JUICE urban agriculture delegation at Delhi's Sabzi Mandi (wholesale vegetable market). Beautiful and neat. Read more
Posted on February 28, 2007 22:04
The Edible City
For the past few months, together with colleagues Hans Ibelings and Anneke Moors, I have been curating an exhibtion for the Netherlands Architecture Institute in Maastricht titled the Edible City. The exhibition is about the urban environment and its food systems. There was a time when city-dwel... Read more
Posted on February 26, 2007 2:26
Is this Foodology?
Image © Toyoko Shimada Now if I can just decide which 'ology' to go to tonight dot dot dot. Here's the press release of Toyoko Shimada's Foodology exhibition that opens tonight at Platform 21. My other 'ology' doesn't have a press release: What do a Chinese dress decorated with macaroni, a li... Read more
Posted on February 12, 2007 15:01
Foodmiles design competition winners win some JUICE
Image of judging panel used with non-tacit permission Tuesday, one week ago today was devoted to a most ironic activity. I swam back and forth to London to jury the shortlisted entries of an international competition to find design solutions to the problem of foodmiles. And by swam, I mean fle... Read more
Posted on February 6, 2007 13:18
DOTT07
(Designs of the time)
Urban Farming
Urban regeneration, edible grow zones, kitchen playgrounds and town meals In many communities fresh fruit and vegetables are hard to source and expensive. There's little awareness of local food production, the possibility of growing your own and next to no supply chain for existing producers ... Read more
Posted on January 27, 2007 9:25
The amazing
Sprout (loves) Ikebana
contest
Choreographer Martin Butler's winning entry for the category, 'Fleugalité (bamboo leaf, sango sprouts, rock chives, pea shoots) The amazing Sprout (loves) Ikebana contest was carried out in honour of chef de cuisine Tal Amitai, who was not able to be with us this last week due to the loss of h... Read more
Posted on January 10, 2007 13:02
Sprouts love ikebana
My neighbours won the 2007 Sprouts Love Ikebana competition for the categories: 6 and under, 5 and under From more than 300 images of the sprouts love ikebana competition this weekend at the Grow Yer Own Dang Food sprout restaurant, these are the first, last and middle ones. We had winners in m... Read more
Posted on January 9, 2007 1:55
Bone up on ikebana
The key to Ryusei-ha ikebana is the approach known as the 'faces of plants.' The arranger is not bound by set rules of composition but encounters the plant materials directly, approaching them with a new attitude. Image used entirely without permission. To celebrate the natural beauty of sprout... Read more
Posted on January 4, 2007 4:46
Dang Freegans, eatin’ our trash, stealin’ our women
See what I mean? Used entirely with permission Actually, Freegans don't so much steal our women as eat our trash. And, not so much our trash, but perfectly edible food and produce that shops and restaurants end up throwing away because the products have passed their sell-by dates. As of tod... Read more
Posted on January 1, 2007 2:39
Birthday picnic au plein air for proximi et intimi
Transporting the cream puffs using a porcupine Several years ago I sort of got stoned and envisioned myself making a grand birthday party entrance with a giant croque en bouche tower perched on my head. Croque en bouche is traditionally a wedding or baptism cake for French people, constructed o... Read more
Posted on December 25, 2006 3:17
Compost heaps of the rich and famous
The Seyferth house sports a compost heap! Well, at least of the famous. This is a shot of a compost heap in the back of the in-process home being built by designer/architect Christoph Seyferth. Although the house isn't even finished, I was pleased to see that the happening kitchen infrastructur... Read more
Posted on December 14, 2006 14:45
Cooking with supermodels
Kitchen Princess Erga always wears herbs, Seattle Public Library carpet by Petra Blaisse Maybe it's the phermones, maybe it's the new varieites of sprouts, (fennel, coreander, sunflower and pea shoots to name a few) but it seems that everything just keeps getting more beautiful at the Grow Yer ... Read more
Posted on December 1, 2006 10:33
Illustrious guests
International art critic Paul Groot inspects the work. Photo by illustrious guest Joost Bottema used entirely with permission Turns out we lingered a bit too long on Mateusz Herczka's phermone exuding garden furniture, but man oh man did we have a good time last night at the sprout restaurant, ... Read more
Posted on November 19, 2006 12:51
Micro-green restaurant officially open
Jeanette likes sprouts because they're seed-related Roqn-ass opening btw. Merveilleuse! The dear friends showed up, the food was devoured, folks asked for seconds (and got them without a wince) we danced our tocheses off until 4ish and the whole thing ended sloppily with bottles of bubbles (cav... Read more
Posted on November 4, 2006 18:56
Food-related fashion chez Maison Walter van Beirendonck
Image from Walter van Beirendonck's Autumn 2006 - 2007 Ready to Wear collection, used entirely without permission. A more thorough look at the Autumn-Winter 2006-2007 Ready to Wear collections reveals a tongue in cheeky awareness of global food politics and a welcome activist approach towards h... Read more
Posted on October 25, 2006 9:25
Design in Marketing and Communication
Image of design and trend guru Li Edelkoort blurred and playfully purpled almost beyond recognition, but not entirely. Used without permission. Whereas I'm sure that any of us can come up with a sexier conference title, it's thrilling to see so much food related design and sustainability in the... Read more
Posted on October 24, 2006 0:56
Eat at a brothel during
Dutch Design Week
Photo: Gero Asmuth, hot guy: Erasmus. Image courtesy of la Bolleur designer-initiators Jannink, vdHijden and vVugt and used entirely with permission. Design Academy Eindhoven students Timon van der Hijden, Zowie Jannink and Steie van Vugt have transformed the former brothel, La Bolleur into a r... Read more
Posted on October 17, 2006 0:00
Colour codes in food and other things
It's perfectly intuitive. Some examples of colour coding in food, packaging and branding: Red - beef, raw meat, animal protein, amonia Blue - dairy, raw fish, methelated spirits Green - vegetables and fruit Yellow - poultry, bleach Pink - pork, gay Vegetable distinctions: Gr... Read more
Posted on October 16, 2006 11:56
Get the vault out:
Vote for la Voute!
Image courtesy of La Voute Nubienne. What does nubian vaulted architecture have to do with food culture? It's a stretch, but suffice it to say that good cookin' and eatin' requires stable communities and a stable kitchens requires a stable roof. My buddies at La Voute Nubienne are among the 13 ... Read more
Posted on October 6, 2006 8:13
Meat meeting tonight
Image of First Nations Sioux ladies drying meat used entirely without permission. That should read meat fight tonight! If you're interested in the meat industry and are currently in Amsterdam, you're not going to want to miss tonight's Cross-thinking about Sustainability - Rethinking the Global... Read more
Posted on October 5, 2006 13:37
Party heartily in the street. Got more street party typologies?
Image showing a 1977 street party commemorating Queen Elizabeth's silver jubilee from the Westbank Heritage website and used entirely without permission. Since May I have been working as part of the Dott 07 City Farming team, developing an urban agriculture project in the North East of England.... Read more
Posted on October 4, 2006 10:53
Got a cutting-edge food-related project?
A Delhi street kitchen doing booming business The deadline for the DOORS OF PERCEPTION 9 conference on “JUICE” (FOOD, FUEL, DESIGN) has been extended until September 30, 2006. If you think your project should be included in this event, please put your nose to the grindstone forthwith. Any q... Read more
Posted on September 18, 2006 15:23
Perfume food, Comme des Bonbonieres
Image of Comme des Garçons parfums from Reluct design blog and used entirely without permission. Pardon. I don't want to be, but I am. I'm a big fat fan of Comme des Garçons parfums. The smell of smoke and incense makes Kyoto my favourite, followed by the girlier Carnation, and Shiso. And to ... Read more
Posted on August 24, 2006 13:15
Inside the secret gardens of our culinary elite
Photograph of photographs of Terrance Conran and his cabbages by Peter Dench © Telegraph Magazine Last Saturday's Telegraph Magazine reported on the kitchen gardens of twenty-three of England's most 'renowned' 'cooks'. From several versions of elaborate kitchen gardens, to modest collection... Read more
Posted on August 19, 2006 12:22
The object of my guestimation
The Design Habit estimation tool by Srishti Bajaj, photo courtesy of the designer and used entirely with permission It's about 'this much', you gesture wtih your fingers, and the person you're talking to is supposed to get a sense of what you're talking about. We're all wired differently. I'm a... Read more
Posted on July 7, 2006 17:27
Wasteware, it’s everything but the squeal in food recycling
Rhubarb and carrot waste formed into little bowls for cherries and berries. Man and Humanity masters graduate Matthijs Vogels has developed a beautiful but extreme way to eliminate food waste by turning it into plates and bowls. At last week's Design Academy Eindhoven MFA show, Vogels exhibited... Read more
Posted on July 4, 2006 12:30
Autistic chocolate
Chocolate hat © Ann de Gersem, photo C. Baele A pink chocolate teapot hat? Pistachio green chocolate teacups with fur and pink foil? Dark chocolate whiskey snifter crystal ashtray bling? Ann de Gersem, a Design Academy Eindhoven MFA student graduates today with a collection of chocolate object... Read more
Posted on June 29, 2006 1:20
Here as the Centre of the World, in terms of food
Here as the Centre of the World banquet with local food from Twente and Overijssel. Guests getting giggly on the bubbly. A week and a half ago, my colleagues and I at the Dutch Art Institute (DAI), were in the throes of an international symposium on 'all things periferal' for artists and mediat... Read more
Posted on June 3, 2006 14:35
Wild tomatoes
for guests
Here's a clump of wild tomato seedlings with the exploded tomato skin still attached to the roots like a busted balloon. They're popping up everywhere in my kitchen garden, and to think I wasted all that time fussing with the foetuses and a propagator when they can grow themselves all by their l... Read more
Posted on May 7, 2006 10:02
Street food waste = street food packaging
Fish and chips: image of street food packaging concept 'IHO', © Païvi Kovanen, Eva Arts and Caroline van Teeffelen 2006, used courtesy of the designers. Please respect student work, contact culiblog for updates. (This is the second in a series of entries about the Street Food Workshop develop... Read more
Posted on April 29, 2006 11:06
Street food collaborations: Streetberry!
Streetberry design by Michou-Nanon de Bruyn, Milou Melis and Monica Ruiter. Please respect student work, contact culiblog for updates. Nothing says wing-flapping like a subversive strawberry. Students Michou-Nanon de Bruyn, Milou Melis and Monica Ruiter have developed Streetberry as their final... Read more
Posted on April 24, 2006 9:27
Lace, about faceAnder Kant
Image of white chocolate lace detail, by Katja Gruijters, courtesy of the designer Aren't these edible lace tiles by food designer Katja Gruijters exquisite? She makes them out of caramel, white and milk chocolate and sand tart. They feature prominently in an exhibition on contemporary lace des... Read more
Posted on April 6, 2006 1:47
Will swap saliva for a home, the problem with bird nest soup
image from Hoko Studio design collaborative, cropped and used entirely without permission If you were a bird living in a cave in Thailand, would you rather 1. live in a house of your own making constructed from spit and twigs? or 2. live in a gifted house made out of recycled cardboard? Bad que... Read more
Posted on April 4, 2006 20:58
Food Force computer game: force-feeding inaccurate notions of the causes of hunger
images courtesy of Food Force, © United Nations World Food Programme - all rights reserved Two weeks ago I sat dumbfounded watching a French TV report in which journalism students practiced reporting a fictional national emergency. I couldn't help but think that what's cool about practice ... Read more
Posted on March 17, 2006 18:26
Git yer frites on! What we’ll probably all be wearing this Fall
Daddy's favourite outfit from the Jeremy Scott Fall 2006 collection, image used entirely without permission This is no time to bitch I mean kvetch about healthier alternatives. Just plunk down a honqin' load o' dosh and git yer dang frites on, bi-haa-whoa. It's New York designer Jeremy Scott's Fal... Read more
Posted on February 24, 2006 0:24
Drawing Restraint, dragging ambergris
Occidental Guest (bride), production still from Matthew Barney's Drawing Restraint 9, copyright Matthew Barney, used without permission Filled with expectation unsuitable for the company of friends, clutching a fat wad of tickets between fingers reeking of quickly eaten, mediocre sushi, it is u... Read more
Posted on February 5, 2006 20:51
Grow yer own dang food
(part 1)
Image of sprouting bread courtesy of Cygalle Shapiro Back in the eighties, as a student at the University California at Santa Cruz, I lived in a vegetarian commune with a bunch of hippies. As hippies, we produced our own sprouts, yoghurt and salsa fresca for the entire commune, approximately th... Read more
Posted on January 30, 2006 11:52
Rural design conference scheduled for September 2006
(above: Wheatfield, a large public work by Agnes Denes, image copyright Agnes Denes) Chapeau to John Thackara at the Doors of Perception blog who reports today about a rural design conference scheduled to take place September 4-7 2006 (somewhere) in the UK. Just have a look at what's being develop... Read more
Posted on January 21, 2006 11:47
Guixégasbord Food Facility
(image Marti Guixé 2005) If you haven't already made a reservation for the opening of Marti Guixé's Food Facility at Mediamatic (Post CS) this Sunday evening, you are plum out of luck because I just made the last one. You can still make reservations for every Friday and Saturday ev... Read more
Posted on October 29, 2005 13:10
Oh to utter the words, food design…
Well it's about bloody time! Coinciding with all manner of design events going on right now in Amsterdam, the Stedelijk Museum hosted a symposium titled Food Design at the ubiquitous Club 11, featuring three speakers and three completely different interpretations. Marije Vogelzang (Proef) is do... Read more
Posted on September 28, 2005 9:03
Products without words
The kitchen line, KLOP by freshly graduated product designer, Sharon Geschiere from Arnhem. Klop in Dutch means to beat or whip (as in whipping cream). These products instruct the user in how to use them. Plus they're black. And white. Read more
Posted on July 1, 2005 16:32
Lolly Lab
Imagine my delight last Sunday when the very first work I see at Arnhem's exam show is Bas Kools' Lolly Lab. Kools is a freshly graduated designer with fine prospects for the future. He'll attend the RCA in London next year. What I loved most about Kools' setup was that he put the prototypes ... Read more
Posted on June 28, 2005 10:21
The most beautiful teapot in the world
Finally I can sit quietly with the several thousand images from my trip to Delhi and reflect. WIth a pot of tea. A giant pot of tea. In a teapot from Bihar. Bought at a craftsmarket in Delhi. Made from dark clay, neither fired very hot, nor glazed. Looks like it was fashioned by a caveman wi... Read more
Posted on April 11, 2005 13:36
Joe Colombo is dead as a doornail
Here is the amazingly efficient Joe Colombo designed mini-kitchen. R.vT. tipped me to him a few days ago as I lamented giving up my superflous spoon collection. As my most informative blog-reader to date, R noted that Joe Colombo designed the Alitalia tableware in 1970. Apparently the 'MINI-KITC... Read more
Posted on December 1, 2004 18:41
Recipes for Geese and People
and Jeremijenko’s OOZ
2nd course of the dinner for geese and people was called Vegetable Matter Underfoot, (salad carpaccio) visually references the trampled vegetation at the sides of ponds and lakes where waterfowl like to hang out. Natalie Jeremijenko is developing a zoo without cages, and she's calling it 00Z. T... Read more
Posted on March 2, 2004 17:50








